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Digital image analysis of mitotic chromosomes
Jaroš, Luboš ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
The development in modern medicine has allowed to study human genome and detect predispositions to several diseases. One of very promising techniques is the analysis of human karyotype, i.e., the number and appearance of chromosomes in the cell nucleus. The most important step in the karyotype analysis is the chromosome detection and categorization. In this work, a new algorithm for detection of chromosomes from an image of microscopic DNA sample and their categorization into seven groups was developed. The algorithm was implemented in Matlab. The accuracy of segmentation and classification was tested on a set of images from two databases with 117 and 38 images, respectively. The sensitivity of the developed segmentation reached 88% while the value of positive predictivity of segmentation reached 92%. The success rate of chromosome pairing achieves 77%.
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Digital image analysis of mitotic chromosomes
Danielová, Tereza ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
This master’s thesis is focused on digital image analysis of mitotic chromosomes. It deals with the design of the processing of digital images - from image preprocessing to clasification of each chromosomes, including testing on a set of images. This work introduces used cytogenetic methods, that are used to visualize chromosomes. In its practical part describes morphology operations and clasification procedure. Classification of the chomosomes was divided into 5 groups (A-G). All algorithms were created in the MATLAB program.
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Heterochromatin variants of the human karyotype
Michalová, Michaela ; Šípek, Antonín (advisor) ; Forman, Martin (referee)
Chromosomes are cell structures consist of chromatin, out of which one kind is a constitutive heterochromatin, which contains non-coding sequences only and is transcriptionally inactive. Heterochromatin blocks consist of highly repetitive sequences of satellite DNAs, which allows the parts to be variable. The largest areas of heterochromatin can be found at long arms of chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y, but heterochromatin areas also affect the variability of the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes 13 - 15, 21 and 22. This bachelor thesis based on a number of scientific essays summarizes findings about heterochromatic variants, their occurrence, frequency, possibilities of examining as well as their clinical significance in today's world. It mainly highlights their possible connection with reproductive failures and contradictory results of individual observations. Contemporary results show the importance of new laboratory methods (molecularly cytogenetic), which can be used in specifying and more detailed sorting of findings, which were previously tagged as harmless variants according to less accurate banding methods. The summarization implies that emphasis should be put on the study of clinical meaning of heterochromatic variations. These can influence the progress of meiosis and thus trigger...
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Digital image analysis of mitotic chromosomes
Jaroš, Luboš ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
The development in modern medicine has allowed to study human genome and detect predispositions to several diseases. One of very promising techniques is the analysis of human karyotype, i.e., the number and appearance of chromosomes in the cell nucleus. The most important step in the karyotype analysis is the chromosome detection and categorization. In this work, a new algorithm for detection of chromosomes from an image of microscopic DNA sample and their categorization into seven groups was developed. The algorithm was implemented in Matlab. The accuracy of segmentation and classification was tested on a set of images from two databases with 117 and 38 images, respectively. The sensitivity of the developed segmentation reached 88% while the value of positive predictivity of segmentation reached 92%. The success rate of chromosome pairing achieves 77%.
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Digital image analysis of mitotic chromosomes
Danielová, Tereza ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
This master’s thesis is focused on digital image analysis of mitotic chromosomes. It deals with the design of the processing of digital images - from image preprocessing to clasification of each chromosomes, including testing on a set of images. This work introduces used cytogenetic methods, that are used to visualize chromosomes. In its practical part describes morphology operations and clasification procedure. Classification of the chomosomes was divided into 5 groups (A-G). All algorithms were created in the MATLAB program.
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